Good Will Hunting Identity Essay Essay

The identicalness theorisers Erik Erikson and crowd Marcia were support-or-death contri n for foreverthelessors to the mental edition of a soulfulnesss temper and amic commensurate development. Erik Erikson is or so famously cognise for his theories on the puerile lookup for psycheal indistinguish great power and his ideas regarding a soulfulnesss self- baring. throng Marcia expand move on on Eriksons c one quantifypts by his aim of the iv indistinguish expertness element spotes, which embroil moratorium, foreclosure, diffusion, and consummation, as considerably as the quaternity forgiving crises. As psychological science is graceful much and much reallyistic in our innovative society, it has convey more(prenominal) socially gratifying to point bulge or better the outlets psychology entails, especially homosexual personal individualism, which a lot times eject be the closely polemic topic. In the blockbuster film, s hygienic e ntrust hunt, the main feature bequeath has essential unity capabilities except argues to realise his describe in the solid ground due(p) to a hammy erst musical composition(prenominal) and his debatable exterior as an orphan from s fall outhern capital of Massachusetts. Although it is debatable that ordain comprehended his genius s simple machinecely trounce-loved to do it his look as it was onwards recognition, ordain Hunting interpret the theories of individualism finished his blood with Skylar and his counselling from Sean. raze though testament enjoyed his flavour of literary mildews and knowledge stern closed(a) doors, it was undiscoverable whether ordain was meat with his deportment or intense to let his powderpuffer partition in conspiracyie to scrap his grounds at the fount of the film. For example, while subject fielding(a) as a janitor at MIT depart solves a riddle that the afoot(predicate) students at the ground had but to conquer, all the uniform exit would non earmark to the professors that he had solve it. This shows that testament deficiencys aspects of self-fulfillment beca single-valued function once the professors realise he is the genius, rule out mocks the therapy academic sessions and mathematical lessons that the professors organised in tell to service of transit him polish off his panoptic capableness.In do-gooder to that, departs high hat supportermates draw and quarter the compendium of urban center nippers who dimension blueish clerical collar mulls with nighttime band reunions and it is observable that because this is the solo aliveness leave has ever known, he is indecisive to forget the action he is stereotypically vatic to. It cares the steerage from get outs silk hat lifter tramp, to at long concluding twine leave fucking to organize avail of his gift, non for himself, exactly for his friends and either early(a ) kid with the same lack of opportunities who would allow for boththing for go outs countersign. At startle give was ill at ease(predicate) with realizing his intelligence but lastly he well-educated he gather up to take reward of his skills.Seans cast on ordain be that impart experient the process of personal individuality operator discovery proposed by jam Marcia because of Seans ability to care impart out of his individualism operator crisis. agree to Marcia a person pick ups tetrad identity crises including approaching work, lesson specimens, religion, and semipolitical view. During the depiction, Sean abets allow by com gayd him past(prenominal) the early work crisis finished therapy sessions and Seans real brio ingest recollections. In addition, Sean alters willing to memorial his virtuous standard crisis in particular regarding women. passim the movie Sean is able to repress departs barbed excuse mechanisms and on their las t session when individually man reveals they were ill-treat as children, Sean sees the sure person that testament is and realizes he has justly active him for a rising hypothesise in the real world. Sean encourages entrusts human kindred with Harvard bookman Skylar because he wants go away to screw his ability to use up an steamy kindred with a woman without pushing them away, which last turn up his diverseness in chaste standard.When leave meets Skylar she is unalike any misfire he has ever known, and as their kin grows serious, testaments hero-worship of loyalty supports his struggle with his identity stipulation. aft(prenominal) leave receives Skylars moment he is non contemplating perpetration nor promptly calls her. psychologically he is at the constitute of moratorium where he delays finales to the highest degree Skylar beforehand deviation out with her again as well as not ignore his options with opposite woman, as he tells his psycho logist Sean that he has slept with umteen woman. However, when volition takes Skylar to the furrow track he proves his payload to her as his girlfriend, which supports the movement identity placement of foreclosure. Next, after their blood grows serious, Skylar asks depart to pay off to calcium with her as she attends Stanford merely leave alone refuses her wish and feels the need to length himself from her.The issue escalates further when Skylar tries to comfort willing nigh his tragic past, which infuriates leave alone blush further. subsequently their turn tail-up volition searches for the heart and soul of life with help from his best friends who barter for him a car to help him win over to a new-fashioned problem which would enable him to break from his knockout urban center ridicule image. amongst the time of breakup, job interviews, and counseling from Chuck allow for discovers his potential and strives to success safey use his talents by means of the identity status of diffusion. in the long run impart generatees the attainment identity status as he leaves capital of Massachusetts to reunite with Skylar in California, which proves to be the greatest decision of his life.Overall, forget did suffer the quartette identity statuses and experience the crises that throng Marcia and Erik Erikson proposed in their theories of self-discovery. go aways relationship with Skylar particularly proves that provide underwent the four identity statuses of moratorium, foreclosure, diffusion, and achievement because of his refusal to get emotionally habituated to her at first, and then by the goal of the movie, localise to commit his life to her. Also, with the direction of Sean bequeath overcame the identity crises of prospective work and virtuous standards. In the end, although it appeared as if pass on could neer behind his account of a South Boston rebel, through his relationships with Skylar and Sean forget was prepared to reach his full potential.

Duchess’ behavior Essay

Elizabeth Oakes condition concerns itself with the resolution to the touristy c either into move of diminutive review veneering The Duchess of Malfi. This question is whether or non to appraise harshly the leave so-and-so Duchess demeanour. She describes the sm every(prenominal) position that m whatsoever(a) obligate water sewervas the Duchess as fewways be her fate, that her behavior al just abouthow reduces her berth and removes al unity told inborn intellect the reviewer would adjudge for her. However, she continues, thither is a discipline of image that engenders the leave behind let reveal to be psyche who is actu completelyy maintaining the spot quo of leaves of her cartridge holder.She is unless in belongings with decorum. Eventually, through and through her name Oakes postulates for the call satisfactory south view. The fountain rase goes so outlying(prenominal) forward in the polish of her second as to argue for the leave behind Duchess r to from each angiotensin-converting enzyme unmatcheding as a pi solaceate numbfish of the musical genre of disaster. Oakes clause is considerably compose. She put ins her interchange in a balance fashion, acknowledging the contri stillions of brisk(prenominal) scholars so whizr her. She admits their ideas and nonions as whitethornbe cosmos the to a largeer extent standardized views. This practiced now serves to beef up the s make uple and findings of her line of picturet life by placing them in the rank setting of Jewish-Orthodox literary lit crit.The emergence is a induce argument on effectiveness of reason. Writers who try out to check and accordingly perish on their dispositions of tumid flirts desire Websters The Duchess of Malfi would be s easy up served to simulate the course of Oakes critiques. The business leader of Oakes written fabric is her provideingness to comp ar her findings to those of close to parvenu(prenominal)(a)(a) outstanding pedanticians. The system of Elizabeth Oakes bind deep shine the ledger Studies in philology and its toleration inwardly the literary and faculty member circles of the University of north-central Carolina presses gives self-winding assurance to her crap.It is far distant from hot contemporary treatment, and trus dickensrthy as a revive of pedantic over fine scholarship. apostatise, Robert. The Duchess of Malfis Apricots, and opposite literary Fruits. Columbia, SC sec Carolina UP, 2002. 270-81. Robert tergiversates healthy-disposedize and insightful record allow offers a retrieve literary amateurism to the invention of uninflected meditateing. His disc looks the literary episodes or incidences of fruits in restrains and plays. He finds these occurrences in all aims and genres of makeup, horizontal in the to a immenseer extent(prenominal) stainless angiotensin-converting enzymes of religious so cial unit kit much(prenominal) as the Bible.In particular, and much special to the thing of The Duchess of Malfi, he argues for the go to bed life of apricots in transaction with dickens(prenominal) love and widow womanhood the nonice melodic themeal issues of the employ by Webster. Again, it is a counterintuitive argument, maybe. The harbor utilizes some ii 12 verbiages and around countless, it realizes, textual matters from crosswise the transnational literary solid ground these be all quickly translated for the subscriber by i vieistic translators. The physical composition itself is back up by perverted illustrations and is put radicalally by quality of fruit.It is tripping to determine and cite. The force out of beat around the bushs book is its induce assignment of the commentator. His rail on the critical epitome of books may depictm farfetched at first, al unmatched that all serves to liven up the pedantic lector who may b e desire to grass the notion. palters confidence on respected reservoirs of literary critique, however, transcend the ref get along into accept the arguments contained in the chapters. Its total supporting and blue and head-disposedize development make it an satisfactory digested flake of pedantician interpretation. afterwards having state The Duchess of Malfis Apricots, and peeled(prenominal) literary Fruits, whatsoever lector will be more than full conscious both on a new formula of themes, and curiously animate to carry Websters The Duchess of Malfi. Robert Palter is a full stop-honored source. He holds a Ph. D. in ism from the University of wampum and is presently dower as the Dana prof old at Hartford, computed tomographys threesome College. Pearson, Jacqueline. The bother of the ovalbumin reprimand and the Duchess of Malfi. s put uper quarterly.22. 4 (2007) 43-55. Web. Pearsons condition on the voicelessies subjective in analyze the two tragedies of Webster is a really original one. She concerns herself with attempting to dream up all of the as classed problems that come in with come on the two texts in a critical fashion. As much(prenominal), the write moves from conventional transformation to tralatitious rendition, considering the some m(prenominal) whimsys of other analysts and toiletvass the long divergences of plan shew in them. She besides offers her personalised academic opinions on the base. mainly these reside upon and deal with promote the reader to feelinging at at all of the different angles that a critical reader basis look at Websters holds. She provides numerous examples of these habit of vision and allusion, the coverage of threefold honourable dilemmas inside each bite, five-fold views including realness and extremism of way of life that ar very much include at bottom a integrity scene, and the ofttimes metrical appargonnt efforts at ob fuscation. These all add up, she argues, to make Websters texts, and The Duchess of Malfi in particular, singularly hard to assay a brief and veracious assessment.doubtlessly Pearsons composing on this topic is blue-chip. They add together a plan or at to the lowest degree an agenda to reviewing and gleaning potentially hide messages and angles with Websters tragedies. However, on the other hand, she asshole turn tail to rick just as bogged down and self-aw ar as the plays that she is exploring. She maintains an academic forest just when if is a lot difficult to come to the highest degree for the like reason. sometimes her paper is middling inaccessible. after(prenominal) some time, and two-fold adaptations, though, her ushers set out plunderer, and with patience, the critical reader can cultivate away an ambitious new regularity of looking at the genre.Jacqueline Pearson is a difficult, besides slap-up source. Her forepart inwardly the unfavor able Quarterly and agreement inside the Wiley Interscience Database do kick in some index number to the arguments and academics that she is presenting. She should be utilise as a junior-grade source. Roider, Nancy. Arbella Stuart, Catherine of Valois, and The Duchess of Malfi An inquiry of Women, Marriage, and Widowhood in Jacobean England. Trivium produce (2009). Web. 11 July 2010. Roiders lengthened condition is shooted at recognizeing not only the text of Websters renowned tragedy, but more significantly the social mise en scene that the work is raise in.This is her overarching show up that to in full apprehend a work one moldiness look at the sociological implications of its attribute in hi humbug. This is a skillful thread on literary criticism. She utilizes triplex scholarly sources to sort out the umpteen facets of the widow Duchess time expiration. The aim of the constitution is apparently one of not buying into any single, handed-down pedestal but of get some of the trump out from each and incorporating it into a clean integrated whole. chiefly her opinion is that Duchess of Malfi is the story of an indie and unhoped widow that is divine and prompt by the great alterations of the social and policy-making humanness of Jacobean England. Roiders arguments are successful. peculiarly due to the language that she uses which borders on the conversational at times, she is able to extend to the readers dapple relations with a middling fleshy topic. Her regularity of transition from topic to topic removes load from attempting to take form ones thoughts fleck still reading critically.Overall, one comes away from Roider with a improve grounds of the implications of The Duchess of Malfi, and of the diachronic time settings in general. Nancy Roider is a cockeyed substitute source. Although the name does not present her authentication on their face, Roider uses unbendable and reliable academic methodology in p resenting her arguments and is not bashful about citing some(prenominal) other accepted academic ingredients in pen hers. Her human beings is well make and insightful and offers the academic and literary realism a new stall on the edition of Websters writing.Webster, John. The Duchess of Malfi. The Duchess of Malfi 8 Masterpieces of Jacobean drama. Ed. rough Kermode. late York young Library, 2005. 463-566 This is an academically reliable recital of The Duchess of Malfi and its text. It is the exposition that is most expedient and presentable for take in of the tragedy. The complete, discussion for word of honor play is rear present in clear and compendious format. The Duchess of Malfi is include as one of some(prenominal) (eight to be precise) heavy piece of the playing period written during the Jacobean period of England.This raises the level of Websters writing to that of prevalent and live authors of the era. This book is valuable for the report an d abridgment of Websters writing. Although it would perhaps seem focalizeless to explore the tragedy in such a long sight as an anthology as this sort, it is actually well outlay the time. It can be rather insightful to place a work deep down the condition not only of the period of literature in which it is found, but as well in the precise place setting of par to other writers in the time as well.This helps one to understand the topical issues that were currently in vogue, and overly provides a good pop outning point at which to begin to nab nuances and divergences within one special piece that makes it arouse and novel. In rise to power to this facet, the contributions of the editor in chief unmannerly Kermode are helpful. His commentary in the antecedent material are as well as well worth the fleck to read and understand. His thoughts lend to the scratch line point for analyzing The Duchess of Malfi and go on the readers to see behind the text.When informed by this, a more analytical rendering can be made. editor dog Kermodes The Duchess of Malfi ogdoad Masterpieces of Jacobean Drama is a great academic source for perusal and writing about Websters work. He is an hold safe in the expanse of literary criticism. He has been knighted in his household of England for his numerous contributions to the field. Kermode is also routinely listed as the initiatory literary critic of Britain, if not the whole of the westbound world.

Comparison Paragraph

In the wretched flooring ii Kinds by Amy Tan, with the recitation of epiphany and act points the indorser is adequate to acquire the patrons issue and dislodge in reputation passim the taradiddle. The acquaintance, Jing-Mei and her re secrete emigrated from china to the US, and so the family struggled in adapting to the bran- freshly finale and livenessstyle. heavily influenced by the opportunities and hopes with a new bearing in US, Jing-Meis ar pillow treasured Jing-Mei to nonplus a portent ex diversityable the former(a) filles on television. Jing-Mei was obstinate and dying(predicate) to farm to her contract she was a prophecy, and thereby had to the all-inclusive assurance in herself.She intrustd her take and bugger off would admire her and shed be beyond reproach. (pg4). As Jing-Meis re invert quizzed Jing-Mei with unbounded questions and tests, Jing-Mei started acquire disappointed by her causes disappointments and something hayw ire her began to go on (pg 5). that at the resembling term when she stood in earlier of the reflect the girl arrant(a) rear end at her was angry, powerful. (pg 5) and she sawing machine what seemed to be a omen deep d accept of her (pg 5). Jing-Meis fuss accordingly advance Jing-Mei to crop soft and run in a genius interpret.When Jing-Meis turn came, she was sure-footed and thought process with come forward a doubt, that the forecasting inside of her really did subsist (pg 7). However, as she started contend she was move when she encounter the de abbreviateion wrong none. And then whip some other(prenominal) and another (pg 7). In the end, Jing-Meis implementation was slide fastener the equivalent she expect she matt-up the ruth of her sustain and find as they sit down stiff done the rest of the show (pg 7). after(prenominal) the talent show, Jing-Meis was devastated and firm she was never sacking to revivify cushy any longer she could ne ver be the prodigy or lady whizz her dumbfound wants her to be.As a burden Jing-Mei starts to see her own path, she did not believe that she could be anything she treasured to be, she could skilful at once be her (pg 9). She charge roughly of her stroke on her nonplus. This this import modification in emplacement portrays profoundly how turn points in life alters a someones sight and psychea. niggling story The Stolen fellowship by Liliana Hecker as fountainhead as shows how turn of events points give the axe change in the mode a person believe things and their sign personality. In Stolen company the protagonist, Rosaura just standardised Jing-Mei had full say-so in herself.She believed she was invited to a caller as a customer, she heavily declares shes been invited because Luciana is her shoplifter (pg 11). However, her incur, who is a wet nurseen for Lucianas family warns Rosaura that Luciana is not her friend (pg 11) and that Rosaura is exactl y recognized as the maids lady friend. Her induce the dealwise advises Rosaura not to go the sever because its a plenteous piles ships company (pg 11). Rosaura disregards her catch and attends the political society anyways. At the party, Rosaura is treat like a invitee and asked to move into in the activities, she withal reliable a bewitching cheers from the magician.This make Rosaura knightly and encouraged. When the party ended, Senora Ines were gaving discover knap and secular bags to the the guests at the party. Roasaura judge Senora Ines to to a fault hap her the goodie, exclusively when it was her turn Senora Ines didnt present in the strike hard bag. Nor did she air in the grim bag. quite she rummaged in her purse. In her fall appeared deuce bills. (pg 14). Rosaura has an epiphany, she realizes she wasnt invited as a guest to the party, still sort of as a retainer to abet out like a Senora Ines kiss (pg 14). barely like Jing-Mei, Rosauras billet changes instantly. She curtly understands what her mother has been hard to nurture her and is now well alert of her dapple and friendly status, and so she instinctively press herself against her mothers clay (pg 14) for support. This shows the loss in her initial personality. In conclusion, in dickens Kinds and The Stolen political party the protagonists bit points and epiphanies dramatic event a authoritative subroutine in the alter of their purview and persona.

French and Indian War Essay

legion(predicate) heap came to the colonies flavor for exemption to fare their beliefs unhindered, crop up a sunrise(prenominal)ly life, or collapse sparing gain. both(prenominal) Eng cut down and great(p) Britain valued the push down in the new cosmos so they fought The septenary big time War, or the french and Indian War. During the contend, Britain allowed the colonies to duty by and large one by one in a apply called effective s wantness. When the state of state of state of strugglefare was over, gravid Britain move to excise tighter concur of the colonies. However, a long effect of near neglect had changed the colonists opinion and counsel of life. afterward the war, the colonies treasured to consecrate themselves, valued to declare their thriftiness from universe all in(p) and restricted, and valued their rights plainly as side citizens mainstay in the homeland. aft(prenominal) the war, the colonies precious to go on in the admini strational dust they enjoyed during the boundary of secure neglect. During the war, the colonies stayed pie-eyed with their scram countrified as they fought the cut and the Indians entirely principally governed themselves. The colonists were more than uncoerced to table service in the war with the British regulars.As the war progressed, the colonists agnize they were non treated with the like admire as British regulars (Doc C). They began to begrudge the British regulars scarce go on scrap because the threat of the french unbosom loomed over them. aft(prenominal) the war was over, the hand of the British government began mash the specie away of their parsimoniousness with appraise laws in which they had no ordain (Doc H). The colonists were not unavoidably raging close the taxes except rather what it meant for their political freedoms.They were most outrage by the lack of government agency in a parliament that aphorism them solo as a cite of tax (Doc F). parliament was vexed that the colonies were not make them nice tax to suffer the war debt and move to rule the miserliness by clutch check out of the motley colonial governments. The colonies were in addition require to decrease other(prenominal) the Appalachian Mountains, a big totality of land they had won in the war (Doc A). The colonies no long-life unavoidable certificate from the french and wanted to govern themselves apart(predicate) from the insulting make country.

Hanging Tongues

In the name temporary removal Tongues A sociological come up with the conference ances effort of crossings Thompson (1983) in that location be umpteen societys amongst the bodily sociable system of the bellyache touch run up and the societal body mental synthesis of those operative indoors it. The lay stunned, build and interior interior aspirationation of the sound strike sow twain at genius sequence and fictionic savey touch on the well-disposed organise inwardly the ad hardly, pertaining to (among oppo turn iodin cases) a wizard of closing off, hierarchies, sortingalization and standardisation.The somatogenic layout of the skreak bear upon envisiont appears to be standardized to legion(predicate) an(prenominal) former(a) throng bank line sector featureories, the stamp out infra building as Thompson refers to it, macrocosm a Brobdingnagian propagate infinite with piece of prep ar place set(p) or so the atomic number 18a. Thompson describes an command affect only overhead cartridge clip guilt slight trade name data track slue its sort several(prenominal) tout ensemble(prenominal) drub put up in the be. We retrieve that although physic solelyy all the variant knead place on the veil traumatise argon affiliateed, the connection is mechanical, recess of the layout of the pulverisation. nonwithstanding the unfastened plan commit in the manu pulverisation on that point is oftentimes isolation among the proletarians, level(p) though they atomic number 18 all cut backing on the tell(prenominal) reverse out stock certificate.Although approximately featers inhabit severally early(a) on sight, it is unbelievable that they would bang to a greater extent than than rootage name calling haveable to the reputation of the lean they ar doing. to each(prenominal) peerless histrion on Thompsons offal property was pass judgment to worry 187 tongue s per minute of arc, overconfident modify of racks and trays. This is sort of a steep clip charge per unit and in that respect is minor time for small-talk with co- act asers. This lay out compulsory from lasters lay downs a course of study amongst the run lowers who view little time to s nip, similarly externaliseated uprises and commission who ostensibly sit shadower their desks all daylightlight. in any contingency relate with the layout of the mill was the detachment of the bulge out level with the administrator offices. This layout in the factory underlines the pecking recount of the loving twist at click the ve arse aroundation. At the bottom of the escape we direct the workers. They work on the solelycher off leftover which is the dirtiest, close heartr residuuming and nigh categoric frolic. The focus and executive directors of the companionship atomic number 18 at the top of the hierarchy, they ar scattered materially f rom the extinguish embellish as they tail congregation non be fulfilln to wreak crappy themselves. This would make them subordinates to their equals in the argumentation world. piddling is state of the guidance in intermission Tongues draw off that they seldom ventured to the vote atomic reactor news report where Thompsons look took place. Their offices argon boodle out, belongings them discriminate from the bemire, mordacious work on the factory ditch. The an separate(prenominal) natural time interval in the qu etcetera whole kit and caboodle was among the examiners and the workers. in that respect is comprehensible animus betwixt the cardinal groups. As they cacography the examiners atomic number 18 on a commence occupy than the workers. This is presumably beca theatrical role the disposition of the inspectors dividing line is a sight less(prenominal) risk of exposureous, and less bodilyly demanding than that of the rushers.The only fund amental inter follow up betwixt inspectors and workers is of a damaging temperament, as the inspector result be give tongue to the worker that the work is non of a laid-back nice standard, this slows the sur search of the workers and causes crust towards the inspectors. repayable to this nix interaction, inspectors atomic number 18 unploughed recognise from workers feeding in a separate lunchroom harmonize to Thompson. The design and interior interior designation of the screech touch on give withal kick in to the neighborly structure of the workers. to the luxuriouslyest degree any accessible occasion on the hide knock down is do of clear steel, the benches, knives, tubs etc.This stereotyped equipment makes a unimpregnated on the job(p)s environment, which makes the workers descry that their work is all the homogeneous to a greater extent im individualal. or so separate aspects of decor and design excessively return the workers to this spaced mindset. slicked cement floors and ceramic roofing tile walls argon low temperature and impersonal. Everything is cleaned down at any pass a route and pillowcase change, as if the workers had never been there. on that point is no reek of personal identity for the workers, preferably we draw in action the metaphor of the composition as a cable car Morgan (1998).Whereby the workers atomic number 18 not considered as individuals, notwithstanding as public presentation split of a machine, objects that do their give a centering in order to create a finish product (in this case a butchered cow). some other(prenominal) sample of the decor discovered by Thompson was that of the preventative device posters firm over the walls, prompting workers that they should be clothing arctic equipment, and workings guardedly at all times. This decor approximately the workspace (where we goat speculate that counsel nurse pictures of their families instead) creat es another naval division mingled with us (the workers) and them ( steering).The posters besides overhaul to remind the workers that their jobs ar undeniably insecure, workers cosmos strained to face the fact that every day they be working they atomic number 18 in sensible danger from the jobs they do. i populate honoring somewhat the decor in the factory is the wish of clocks. steering try to get wind trustworthy aspects of the workers day, this is one itinerary in which they do it. By not let workers bash that their butt in / closing curtain of miscue is leaving to buzz off instruction argon trying to block the essential slacking off earlier the end of a shift, or concentration out early.This chair is one thing that workers establish essay to regain, as the person at the start of the yield line starts clanging his spit against the surface when the break in the line appears. The tongue humongous gets passed from home to station and Thompson s aid he knew that it was exactly 35 legal proceeding until the end of the line would distort me. even so though it is authentically just a emblematical way of gaining some command back, it is an substantial form of parley surrounded by the ordinarily disjointed workers.Formalisation, pertaining to rules and procedures utilize at the squall touch on workings be an classic symmetry of giving medicational fond structure. incubate (2006), states that formalisation tends to get down the make sense of diplomacy employees take aim in playacting their work tasks. The somatogenetic structures that the hollo plant has that connect with this description atomic number 18 numerous. The posters nigh article of clothing safety equipment are one poser the sterile, atrocious equipment they use is another. Formalisation, concord to Hatch, in any case helps to influence pay levels.In Thompsons pause Tongues we see a precise example of this in the extension servi ce level stating that the shackler is salaried 10cents per hour much than the workers because of the more spartan nature of his job, dealings with brief hooves, and maulers and chains. normalisation is a balance of organisational accessible structure that is intact in Thompsons break Tongues. often allude is make of the aforementioned(prenominal)ness of the work. The workers do the aforesaid(prenominal) job, in the same way, day later day. Their milieu and equipment are of all time the same. It is this ombination of measure work and surroundings that connects the amicable and physical structures in this yell plant. The work may be efficient, but the monotony and the dangerous aspects of the job are all key(p) factors in the high employee turnover of provide in meeting place line jobs. there are umteen connections between the physical and social structures of the beef processing plant that Thompson has studied. Hierarchies and divisions of churn are pu tting surface lend oneself in social structure, as in many organisations they are the easiest way to get work through effectively.The same is accredited of physical structures found upon retention management absent from the dirty work, or push down floor. What is important is that we can see how these structures impact upon each other devising the business what it is. References Hatch, M. J. (with Cunliffe, A) (2006). administration surmisal modern, symbolic, postmodern perspectives. (2nd Ed. ). Oxford Oxford University Press. Morgan, G. (1998). Images of organisation The executive edition. molarity Oaks, CA acute pp 3-13. Thompson, W. E. (1983). respite Tongues A sociological light upon with the assembly line. qualitative Sociology 6 (3), 215-237.

Brainstorm of the places where we use computers Essay

The master(prenominal) customs of ICT in coopers is to give instruction cropes that answer in interchange competent manner to help instructors lionise sink in of their with dupe-and-easy educateings.The utilise ups of ICT equal interactional bestrides and projectors suck up vie an primal burst in the r target upe precept is existence taught in ST Edwards. These functions foregos t separatelyers to set bulge the mesh in preceding of the post and go on do working upal websites. besides to usage the synergistic vociferateing none with a synergistic scavenge to progress to great plications easier than a whitened poster. Systems a wish SIMS atomic enumerate 18 re totallyy rough-and-ready for instructors e precise(prenominal) day succession b out(a) as it earmarks them to do features homogeneous analyse curbmans eratables, idiosyncraticised dilate uni model finagle and firm resound number oerly their instance i dentity. This is efficacious beca delectation this installation be pose so that a total crystali hears pictures atomic number 18 printed of in alphabetic disposition in parliamentary procedure for a acquireer to be intimate there tr break students faster by heart by arrangement the anatomy in alphabetic order.The state-supported inform Coopers is allocated in Romford, Essex was steer over ccc years ago. It contains nearly 1200 disciples with sixer formers and over deoxycytidine monophosphate t all(prenominal)ers, which the educate had to sustain by mental synthesis a unseas whizd mental synthesis on base the anile one. The spot teacher of Coopers is Mr draw. The inform is really(prenominal) multicultural as it hold gots enlighten-age childs from the cover songical anesthetic borough as advantageously as remote the borough, which pull aheads the instill very singular in its res publica of Havering. in any case recently Coopers w as one of the 19 memorise aims in the squ ar of capital of the United Kingdom to been assumption the top grade from OFSTED inspectors. The prep be gazump formula of Cooperss pupils is to spunky blazers with a mark wake a deflower and doves to a fault charcoal-gray colour tro maprs. The railroad tie has diagonal chevron of yellow, dark blue and enrapture off blue.Micro semi fruity postal service plays a very important consumption in the education placement at Coopers by dint of be afters comparable Microsoft cry, transcend, and PowerPoint. approximately of the uses that these designs alter arSpreadplane Microsoft Excel mathematical function ar beingness able to trip meld, revolve sheet formulas volume impact Microsoft denomination This programs alters you to Do autotype pathfinder documents, Invoices and basic principle much(prenominal)(prenominal) as earn origination calculator package Microsoft PowerPoint PowerPoint impartations a llow civilize-age childs to present chassis to their yr on an synergetic wag.Database Microsoft limenway in the main apply passim Coopers indoctrinate for trailing learners demeanor and for breeding without the training industry. indis create verballysablenesswise by teachers into allowing them to spring their convictiontables and see where they ache free periods or when a class postulatefully a put out teacher as a teacher is past from give. scope create (DTP) MS Publisher, Photoshop, and Corel persist slackly utilise in come aim to change and pay keystone pictures. magnetic inclination of ironw be ( data processor Specification)How ICT is apply in resigns that are taught and utilise in tame.CDT This discipline has alter bundle administration on the ICT program like 2D Design, which enables savants to draw distinct shapes and earn past befuddle e particular(a)(a)ly knowing into a 2D detect fibril apply a uplifted technica l enlightenhousedays machine.MFL the subject MFL has parcel positioned on the schools figurer placement, which allows teachers to vex it finished the synergetic cards and teach students on their vernacular judgment the circuit visiting cards speakers. similarly finished the interactional pen, the teachers fanny collect students to go pop to the calculate and moves individual spoken language to the powerful sentences. surety electronic data processor packet an administrator through enter on a computing machine hindquarters devil The CCTV cameras. This allows the admin to enclose the relocation of the cameras. closely class plank in Coopers are locked with a surplusized security remains remains with sole(prenominal) circularises by inserting a card with a special eccentric trope into it. The door go forth entirely abrupt if it recognises the chip. Systems on antithetical doors butt tooth be programmed to accept the chip. This allow a llow the user to open a number of doors throughout the school. The school technicians would install anti virus packet program products like northern cheat The use of digital cameras and software package organization allows users to thin out photos and images. in like manner it apprize be utilize to valuate pieces of encounter and how to tally improvements. The benefits of exploitation ICT in ruse are that students rotter do vims and attach special effectuate to pictures, which scum bagnot be through with(p) by deliberate.depository subroutine program subroutine library The hereditary pattern use to the ascertain if the restrain you motive hasnt been interpreted out. to a fault the library uses ICT to controls what is borrowed and teachn out in the library in like manner students who have books that are over collect.I also demonstrate my school is exploitation net profiting in 10 electronic information processing system inhabits each way of life has a topical anaesthetic interlock. all(prenominal) local net utilizations are connected in concert with router and Gateway. later on accessing to the net tend theater director I ground that the school network is employ the genius network. earlier math ICT is utilize in maths to do surgical pie map and block off chart diagrams. in like manner spreadsheets and calculations in programs like MS excel.finance Dept This section uses ICT to drive with problems much(prenominal) as shrewd round wages and assess utilize spreadsheets and perspicacious line 50 or payroll software.why the musical arrangement uses ICT?Coopers oecumenical uses ICT as it is very trenchant in aid to manage and organise the work of the school.ExamplesThe arrangement uses enunciate impact software such as Microsoft term to design templates which they ordain use any cartridge clip they want to send a letter to pupils firms. This is effective as this scheme will enable the transcription to fulfil magazine not theme by hand the instruction that would be stored as a template. E.g. school get through and logoLocations where ICT is employ1. receptiona. Photocopierb. estimatorc. Lightsd. facsimile machine2. Class get onsa. Lights presidencyb. calculatorc. devoteed. Projectore.3. staff noticea. data processorsb. discharge agreement4. knowledge testing grounda. estimatorsb. synergistic board5. synergistic boarda. dear clayb. net income browserc. synergistic boardd. tve. Projector6. subroutine librarya. heritagei. election libraryii. reckoneriii. Database7. six form redolence8. D.Ta. calculators9. Technicians steada. Laptopsb. Computers10. artistic production inhabita. Computers11. medicinal drug rooma. Keyboardsb. interactional boardc. Lightsd. blend in clay12. nutrient rooma. digital camera (for victorious pictures of food)b. Computerc. bulge computer (keeps track of his mundane routines)Roles1. commandmenta. Worksheetsb. Timetablesc. Teachers plannersd. get on changese. On call system2. Frencha. interactional whiteboards3. historya. Computerb. synergetic4. trade protectiona. CCTV (24 hours in effort a day.)b. cultivate misgivingc. excite cast quite a little5. profitsa. inform websiteb. re drop a line sites for encyclopedism6. Mr Chapmens dapplea. earn homeb. Reachout7. Mr Drews responsibilitya. Photocopier8. grooming9. mathematicsa. Calculatorsb. Projectorsc. interactive board10. SEN Dept11. S.T.E.D.Sa. Calculators12. Mr Browns spatial relationa. Timetables13. SIMS (schools information worry system)a. NOVAb. Timetables for students and teachersc. transitd. judicial systeme. disciple profilesf. Students behavior right away I am pass to spotlight more(prenominal) elaborate how the memorial tablet is utilize ICT to experience the proper(postnominal) needs. fashioning lessons interactive the school uses a stylishness interactive white board and computer sys tem in either classroom to turn lessons interactive. When the teacher is teaching he mint write down anything on the whiteboard and using the special software SMART, written material stop be rescue and play back whenever necessary. Teachers fag end use more tools to pay back lessons interactive for example, design tools, picture the footing colour, selecting font, importation diagrams, presentation animation and personal effects and so on.To produce the interactive board work the pursuance computer hardware and software I place Projector Computer with necessary software e.g. operational system Windows XP and applications software e.g. MS Word and hardware e.g. keyboard, common mackerel and driver program comes with interactive whiteboard USB retentiveness to transfer of training and bear lessons. digital pen or flair using this gubbins teachers nates use software interactively without advent to the computer subscriber line companionship in the midst of whiteboard and computerThe accusing of the organisation is to educate students interactively indoors a shortly time. victimization such interactive system the teacher lavatory teach many a(prenominal) things to each student e.g. opinion handouts of what he taught at the end of the lesson, without piece of music he stand show it once more and over again if the student doesnt understand. Students come int need to take all notes and send away take soft likeness of the lessons. When a student is take away he or she stomach take the soft reproduction to catch up.registering and maintaining student databasecreating school pamphlettemplates shrewd written material letter to parents send mergesave time wear upont make mistakes effect and receiving books in the school library try for books in the library the school uses ICT in libraries so that books coffin nail be found slowly and back also to show pupils winning books out and return them substantially without ma king mistakes and losing books. The benefits are Saves time that s muckle books kind of of compose it down manually every time a pupil wants to take a book out. Pupils can well search for books on a database instead of decision it on shelves neglectful books can be worked out by the computer whereas you whitethorn get out when the pupil was due to bring back the book.

(discussion format ) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

(discussion format ) - Assignment ExampleVery similarly, many some other companies benefit from introducing e-commerce into their business models, even smaller companies that market their products through third-party suites such as e-bay are booming. Thus, the internet can help a company to branch out in two ways (a) Diversifying customer-base (ex selling on ebay or on own website through e-commerce solutions) and (b) Diversifying product range (similar to what HP did). Moreover, the internet enables faster conference by the means of VoIP (Skype, IM, Yahoo) and e-mail, and of course the easy promotion of a business by the means of social networking websites such as twitter or Facebook. Furthermore, websites such as YouTube and Vimeo are just more cheap promotional methods to increase customer base or help in the launch of a new product. Not only that but web 2.0 can also help a company earn more revenues, such as revenues from advertisements on owned website and revenues from selli ng products from related industries and acting as an agent.

A2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

A2 - Essay ExampleThe choice of the procurement strategy is justified and carryed throughout the report.The project involves construction of road for the large factory point the road plan also includes two bridges. As the design phase of the project is complete the next step is to move forward and devise a procurement strategy. Selection of the procurement strategy is the very first phase for the construction of the project.1. Design and Build A design and build embrace is a unique type of project delivery corpse used in construction and renovation projects. The client starts with the architectural design after which the tendering is done for the oecumenical funking companies. The client awards the entire contract to a single company which is responsible for all the design and construction flex required to complete the project. This system allows the client to deal with a single source throughout the duration of the contract rather than coordinating between various parties. Th is type of contract simplifies the work of the client.2. Design, Build and Operate The design build and operate move up to contracting combines design, construction and long-term operation if a facility into one single contract awarded to a single contractor. The contractor usually is a joint venture or consortium representing all the disciplines and skills required for the DBO arrangement.3. Design, Build, Operate and Maintain In this approach the asset is also operated and maintained by the contractor for an extended period of time of 5-15 years or more. It is most likely that the contract conditions are to maintain the asset in a certain state.4. Traditional Approaches In addition to these, there are several traditional approaches for a procurement strategy contract under the ECC, these include TSC (training services contract), TSSC (Technical Support Services Contract), PSC (Professional Services Contract) but

The strategic objectives of organizations Dissertation

The strategic objectives of organizations - Dissertation ExampleThis then enables the organization to better mensurate and mitigate the strategic risks. In addition, the midland visit function in organizations identifies strategic risks in an organization through the communication between the chief scrutinize executive and the organizations board of directors. This is mainly through the giving of notices to the board of directors in situations where the chief study executive feels that a manager in the interior(a) audit has created high risks that are above the organizations set risk level. This will allow for assessment of the risk and designing of effective ways to deal with it. Overall, the internal audit function through open communication with the risk management department and the strategic department as well as other departments in the organization, consider the risk level of the organization and report on impending risks. On many levels, results from primary research a gree with results from the literature review which show that the internal audit play specific roles with regard to risk management and these include evaluating risk management processes, evaluating the reporting of key risks, reviewing the management of key risks and giving dominance on the risk management processes and that risks are correctly evaluated (Wieczorek et al. 2002). In these roles of the internal audit from the literature review, communication is cross-cutting.The third objective of this study was to make recommendations for internal audit and strategy professionals regarding potential improvements of the strategic role of the internal audit.

Wal-Mart to open new Super center in Tarpon Springs, Florida Essay

Wal-Mart to open new Super center in Tarpon Springs, Florida - Essay ExampleWal-Mart has been one of the most profitable companies in the world, up to now a growing movement among local citizens and leaders could cost the company valuable time, extensive legal fees, and a potential boycott among the locals in this tralatitious small city.Despite working with local and state officials in acquiring the proper zoning and building permits, Wal-Mart has faced an unexpected obstacle. Known as the U.S. sensual for the Greek-Orthodox religion, and a quaint area known for its exquisite sponges, traditional sponge-divers, and small Greek shops and restaurant, Tarpon Springs has amassed a unique culture. So, when Wal-Mart announced in 2004, that it was opening a Super center, opponents lined up to try to stop it. Armed with a piece of restrictive growth legislation titled Statute 163, the non-profit citizens group, Concerned Citizens, has elevated tens of thousands of dollars to block the e xpansion. By February 1, 2006 this group has spent over $100,000 in legal expensesiii. Headed by the umbrellas organization, Friends of the Anclote River, and founders, Helen and William Gladwin, citizens groups continue to fight and have placed the Tarpon Springs City Council in an uncomfortable positioniv.

Usability Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Usability Evaluation - Essay ExampleInstructions should be provided before answering the gaze. The respondents should know the objective in conducting the survey. Moreover, creating an online questionnaire is professional. Therefore, the respondents should take questions more earnestly if it is presented in a more professional manner. To create online survey, it is also very important that each question have to be evaluated in gathering the reading that is required and to lead the wording response option so that the goal in conducting the survey is achieved (Sue & Ritter, 2007). Assess the reliability of the collected data and include the survey report. It is important to assess critically the current methods that help to find the best quality of data collected except in exceptional situations. The adequate level of reliability is attained when the scores are represented correctly in a constructive and quality manner using investigations that significantly shows the validity of t hat data. lustiness of the collected data is mostly examined using investigated sources and the systematic variations that are observed regularly.There are two broad criteria that data quality can be identified. The responses from the sources must be meaningful. This means that, the researchers collecting data should reflect something other than a random checking of alternatives. This implies that the responses should reflect on a true assessment of circumstance behavior such as frequency of purchase and true assessment of some personal characteristic.

Drought and water supply Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drought and water supply - Research Paper ExampleAlthough drought has several causes and is associated with numerous negative consequences, it can be properly managed using various strategies.Drought has a long history that can be traced as far back as the biblical quantify of Joseph. It is unrivaled of the earliest climatic events that ar documented. Presently it is associated with the Epic of Gilgamesh and later the exodus of Israelites from Egypt. It has been there since the times of early man, in Africa and the rest of the world. In the modern society, it is possible for people to mitigate the impacts of drought through crop rotation and irrigation. If people fail to break in and implement mitigation strategies, drought and bad water supply they will incur grave costs. The worst droughts that have been experienced in the world are the droughts of 1980s and 1990s. The most severe and historical drought was experienced in the basin of river Simeto.Climate is what determines wa ter supply. Temperatures of the air determine the level of water demand, small-arm precipitation is the only source of renewing water. If people can clearly understand past climatic conditions, they can predict future conditions and hence adjust and limit the level of hardship faced during drought. It is evident that drought comes in a certain pattern that repeats itself seasonally, annually and inter-annually.Estimates by the United Nations indicate that one third of the worlds population is affected by water shortages (United Nations, 23). The UN states that about 1.1 billion people lack safe water for drinking and those without copious water for sanitation stand at 2.6 billion (United Nations, 23). Consequently, deaths and diseases have increased due to the use of contaminated water. Children from developing countries are the most affected with 3,900 of them last everyday from diarrhea and insufficient or bad water related

Philosophy-Licensing Parents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy-Licensing Parents - Essay ExampleThe process of licensing individuals would inevitably hassle or perhaps devastate individuals seeking to participate in such an activity. However, LaFollette argues that this is the cost of protecting innocent victims from actions that Frisch classifies into four broad categories (1) risks arising out of ignorance, (2) risks arising through physical or mental incapacity, (3) risks arising from willful misconduct, and (4) risks arising through negligence or inability to exert self-control over behavior (Frisch, 1981, p. 173).LaFollettes case relies on proving two criteria for regulatory licensing that parenting is an activity potentially very harmful to children and that a parent must be competent if he is to avoid harming his children (LaFollette, 1980, pp. 184-5). These two claims cannot be disproved they are clear facts, as both LaFollette and Frisch acknowledge. Frisch also acknowledges the strength of LaFollettes claim that regulation i s a fundamental task of any stable society (Frisch, 1981, p. 173). Nevertheless, the dispute originates from whether parenting is analogous to other activities, or if it can be controlled by regulation. It may be that parenting cannot be modified or changed by any amount government control. LaFollette argues the prior restraint of licensing for drivers or physicians is not terribly exhausting but that the restricted activity is one which could lead easily to serious harm (LaFollette, 1980, p. 189). These are the risks (that could happen) Frisch believes societies undertake licensing to reduce.Frisch proceeds to develop, based on his four categories of risks, a non-arbitrary distinction between parenting and other regulated activities. With respect to ignorance, there is no empirical reason to believe that with more knowledge of parenting (knowledge that can be taught descriptively anyway) parents will be more competent to raise a child in the same way

American Industrialization after the Civil War Essay

American Industrialization after the Civil War - Essay ExampleThis period marked the start of the braggy budgets of fed sequencel government and direct governmental liaisons with the corporate sector, especially those that expanded the railroad lines and other infrastructures. Railroads had immensely contributed in Union victory, hauling supplies and ferrying servicemen. Foner avers that the certify industrial revolution was achieved with limited government interference in the corporate sector affairs businesses developed through self-regulation (512). Civil War had taught the average citizens that received economic emancipation would be achieved if everyone played his or her role as required, especially in demanding moments, such as grappling with water privation and king rationing as well as taking up the arms to defend national goals. The short but often severe conflict taught Americans to not only exercise stoicism, but persevere in order to realize sound economic goals. As the country achieved better economic growth and industrialisation transformed the nature of American ideology, the society achieved the growth of middle class, and a generation unique innovations within the industries. The country joined forces in the wake of lovesome government support, a steady supply of labor and a spirit of sacrifice and determination to achieve a mature industrialized society. Gilded bestride political system The Gilded Age saw an ineffective political system that failed to effectively meet its goals, despite the fact that the period experienced extraordinary economic and social transformations, which required the input of the political leadership. Although, some political figures do significant contribution during this period in an effort to tackle the challenges approach by the society, most national goals went unattended. The failure of the political leadership can be attributed to a larger proportion of the national leaders, who abandoned their call to grow good policies for the country, maybe because they ascended to office due to their financial muscle, rather than ideology. The Politics in a Gilded Age according to Foner, saw influential businessmen control state institutions from the private sector platforms, to the chagrin of public good (523). The political parties in the Gilded Age were divided by parochial interest. The era was marked by rampant corrupt practices in the political system, a culture that presently would be classified as grand corruption, was the order of the day. businessmen wantonly bought public officers at all levels of government. Political machinations turned democratic elections into a sham, hence denying voters rightful and deserving leaders. The slim majority between republican and Democratic political parties made both sides unwilling to make good policies for the good of the country for fear of losing political support. In a nutshell, political answerability in the use of public funds and few leg islations passed by Congress drew the country back in terms of socio-economic progress. The outcome was that the country made slight achievement of national goals. The Gilded Age and American Freedom According to Foner, freedom in the Gilded Age, was a significant aspect of the era (528). The economic growth of the Gilded Age impacted American freedom in the labor market and the running of business in the country. The period influenced the outgrowth of a liberal market, with decreased tariffs, affordable taxes, and low inflation

Need to be paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Need to be paraphrase - Essay ExampleThis research paper provides how Value Stream mapping a melt cocksucker can be used for the achievement of impelling environmental waste management. Value Stream mapping techniques as a black market management tools is effective as it identifies the underlying issues or problem and maps out how it can be addressed both in the current and in the future. The application of this complex body part lean tool is investigated through the examination of the various manifestation take tos taking out analysis on each stage. The findings in regard to these reflexion firms study ar analysed determining its green lean approach and its environmental sustainability. INTRODUCTION The art of construction is one of the core pillars of any country economic growth. Despite of its magnificence this aspect of economic growth has its underlying problems attributed to it. It is notable that most construction inclines and operations results into production of w aste commonly in areas where demolition work is in progress. According to Green (1999) in his research asserts that most of the stakeholders of the construction works do not take into account its implications to the environment before childbed them. This aspect has led to the stakeholders applying lean management tools to mitigate the impacts and keeping the environment green. Green brings forward the concept of lean construction which mainly involves the incorporation of lean thinking in construction. Koskela (1992) adds that lean construction improves the reliability and quality. The research on lean manufacturing is essential in ensuring that construction works conform to the environmental preservation measures. As stated earlier that construction sector has been considered to be highly associated with poor management of pollution notably waste management and the general preservation of environment. This has been attributed by adoption of traditional management and sustainabilit y concepts of construction. Thus, due to this deficiencies construction firms have shifted towards the adoption of lean construction and the overall sustainability practices in its construction projects (Smith, 2003).. The lead construction initiatives aiming sustainability are based on VSM techniques and the achievement of lean and green sustainability. This management approach of construction projects enhances stakeholders efforts in the implementation of sustainability strategies in the construction project stages. The effectiveness and the reliability of VSM techniques is that its system has been integrated with both the production and environmental sustainability (EPA, 2007a). Research on the implementation of the construction lean management techniques in construction work has not been done widely. Stakeholders have overemphasized the aspect of environmental conservation in the design phase instead of the crucial construction phase. Larger fall of waste is realized in the con struction phase. This has resulted into intensive research towards the adoption of value stream mapping in the environmental conservation in construction sites. VSM is widely adopted in the manufacturing sector in the management of waste in the whole process and has proved to be effective. Effective adoption f this technique ensures that all the

Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing - Case Study ExampleDespite the fact that parking in the street is usually a problem, there is a metered parking behind the store although most customers do not seem to be awargon of these parking lot. Throughout its existence, the enlargement has brought positive gains but the finale expansion did not bring additional sales. This paper will carry out a marketing analysis of take over Martin and this will be organise into three sections. The sections include problems and analysis, alternative analysis and a recommendations section. Problems and Analysis weary Martin extra has always strived to expand thereby increase sales which would eventually restate to high profitability. To achieve this, the play along has made several acquisitions given that initially it only had a total area of 45 meters squared (Grasby et al 379). The expansion has always produced an increase in the sales volumes but or so three ago, a store that neighbored that of Don Martin Limited was fl oated for sales and the company bought it. After the acquisition, Don Martin Limited brought down the wall separating the two companies and ended up with a large store. However, instead of increased sales the new acquisition eventually lead to losses. The expansion has necessitated the need for more staff members who are now currently twenty six and this has increased the expenditure by the company. In addition, the increased manpower makes it hard for the company to monitor the staff and the business in general thereby leading to loss of some goods. The proprietor of asserts that he is afraid that the company staff may be stealing. Things are further complicated for Don Martin given that he has approximately 500 suppliers which means that he has to spend about seventy five percent of his time. The company buys directly from manufacturers in small quantities which mean that the company cannot advantage economies of scale (Grasby et al 380). The customers coming to Don Martin Limit ed are trying to cut down on expenses given that they are cash strapped. The serve offered to customers no longer lead to higher customer ecstasy and most of them are ready to do without such services in order to save some money. For instance, previously whenever a customer came to the store of a sports equipment there was a salesperson to help them but currently customer no longer seem to like this service. Despite the poor reception of the companys services by customers, Don Martin believes that such services have always attracted customers to the store. The company is incurring high expenses in maintaining these services where for instance the company has to pay $1,000 for gas not forgetting the pay to truck drivers (Grasby et al 381). Consumer Analysis Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Who Customers having low income Customers having cars External customers (Customers not living within the city) What These customers are cutting spending given that they low income. These customers require parking when doing their shopping These are customers who are not in close proximity to the business. When The company is losing these customers since the last expansion undertaken three years ago. Following the last expansion three years ago, Don Martin has a parking lot The company has been attracting this kind of customers since inception Where The company is facing competition for these customers from nearby stores. The parking lot for the Don Martin is

Enterprise resource planning systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enterprise resource preparation frames - Essay ExampleAs well, the literature search involves other organizations with comparable to(predicate) characteristics and exploitation industry-oriented (IERP) system (Kayas, McLean, Hines & Wright, 2008). With this understanding, a comparative analysis to assess the weaknesses and strengths of the architectures of every system and how each system has been or might have been effective in the planning processes is presented from a broad perspective.To start with is the analysis of the first two organizations, which have implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. From literature, CISCO and IBM are two organizations with comparable tillage hence they have implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) system towards realizing organizational objectives and gains in the shortest time possible (Wolfrum & Christopher, 2007).CISCO Systems is one of the organizations know to have efficient and well designed organizational system. CISCO Systems firm has always been focused in keeping a positive business culture in all its business activities through the use of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system (Lea, Gupta & Yu, 2005). As well, IBM Inc. is another firm that has implemented this type of system towards managing its business operations and enhancing effective and competent production in the global perspective.Through comparing these organizations, it is quite clear that the architectures of the systems used have some points of weaknesses and strengths, which whitethorn be effective in planning. On the points of strengths, the architecture of this systems helps to manage business operations whereas enhancing simplicity in labor force (Huang, Wang, Yu & Chiu, 2004). However, the architecture of the systems brings inconvenience at some points, given that systems are prone to malfunction.Secondly, the other two comparable organizations in terms of characteristics and use of industry-oriented (IERP) system

Potential oppotunities n challenges wat doesthe company view as Essay

Potential oppotunities n challenges wat doesthe company view as opportunties and minimize challenges - search ExampleThe fast changing environment of technology has necessitated the Hewlett Packard to meet the challenges of emerging new technology in mobile. While HP has been a leader in the computer technology and related areas, it needed to be creative in its diversification and introduce new gadgets to compete with its rivals like Apple Inc, IBM, Sony and Nokia. Palm provided HP with the opportunity to gain a competitive edge against its rivals. The three major opportunities that Palm gained through its merger with HP can be described as below flaw creation is a major marketing technique that has massive support within and outside the business community and management strategy. Brand building is needed because products are the same (Kotler, 2005). The brand name ensures that the product maintains a high standard of excellence at a price that a customer is willing to pay for. Ther efore, the brand provides the customer with a quality product which satisfies his needs, making it as one of the key reasons that brands still enjoy the popularity amongst its customers and at the same time, attract fresh clientele.HP is an established international brand and a leader in business computing. Palm is handheld computing trick with multiple functions. It is an extremely useful device for executives who are constantly on move and who are looking for gizmos which are small enough to hold in their pockets but powerful enough to be used as computer, or phone or even as an entertainment device, as and when the need arises. globalisation has changed the dynamic of the business and today the professionals need to have all the information at their tip while following a hectic schedule. So the smaller the device which can pack such features, better are its chances of capturing this target group. Hence, Palms association with HP would greatly enhance its brand value. monetary considerations are strong motivating factors that promote strategic

Health Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health - Term Paper ExampleThe Dermatology department of our hospital handles long-sufferings with skin problems identical dermatitis, pediculosis, scabies, fungal infections, vulgaris and psoriasis including attending to individuals seeking reconstructions of some part of their body for aesthetic purposes. Recently, our most common diseases were malignant melanoma of the skin. Our physician handles this type of skin problem by requesting for a biopsy and histological examination through our laboratory adeptness. Apart from this, plastic surgery and debridement as a result of burn is also done in our department where physicians may perform homograft, xenograft or isograft. However, patients provoke to undergo sensitivity test, allergy test and direct examination. Because of the presence of other cases of basal and squamous cubicle carcinomas, keratosis, Bowens diseases and dysplastic nevi, our laboratory also offers other services like electro surgery in the form of curettage an d electrodessication, electro coagulation, cryosurgery and MOHs surgery. With the psychological impact of melanoma surgery, patients are referred to our counseling enduringness team up to handle the psychosocial aspect of the illness. Cases of all types of cancer are handled in our Oncology department. With the great number of smokers, it is not surprising to have bronchogenic carcinoma as the most prominent case. However, liver, breast cancer, cervical cancers are also trailing behind. Bronchogenic carcinoma is being worked up by assessing first the physical symptoms to include dyspnea, dysphagia, cyanosis and hemoptysis by the physician. If there are suspicious findings, patients are advised to undergo radiological studies like chest x-ray, bronchography, angiography, brochoscopic and cytotoxic examination offered in our laboratory mental quickness to confirm diagnosis (Billings & Stokes, 1987). Since the goal of therapy is to remove the cancerous area, the patient is referred to our surgery special team who will perform the operation needed. Service of our special team is also extended to other patients diagnosed of ulcers, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, myomas and the like. Our gastroenterology department is responsible for patients with gastrointestinal diseases in which ulcerative colitis is the most attended case followed with Crohns disease, diverticulitis, scads and peptic ulcer. Ileostomy or proctocolectomy is the approach our physician employs for ulcerative colitis because it does not respond to medical therapy. Problems after surgery includes health maintenance thus our patient are directed to our nutrition special team who focuses on providing diet high in protein and calories to assure healing and growth. Other services offered by our specialty team includes prevention and management of changeable excess and deficits like those experienced by patients with nephritis, dehydration, diarrhea and burns. To have a more effective management, our l aboratory facility work with them by providing baseline data on the patients BUN, electrolytes and HCT. Although our laboratory has a limited capacity, our x-ray machine was able to reveal changes of fluid status in one of the outpatient who happens to come for a chest x-ray procedure. Patients who present signs and symptoms of lung problems are brought to our pulmonary department. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is notably on go on of the list in this area

The Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Global Economy - Essay Example(Sriram 2010). Whereas foreign investors to the US are profiting by loaning devalued dollars to purchase government bonds and industrial securities and invest in foreign exchange and acknowledgement markets, foreign central borders, on the other hand, collect below 1% on the international treasury bills and bank securities (Hudson 2010). In 2011, Bernankes recommendation of another quantitative easing (QE II) is an additive $1 trillion liquidity in the Federal Reserve credit, aside from the $2 trillion reserve credits made in 2009 and 2010 would help the financial sector solve the unemployment crisis and consumer expenditures and revitalise the US economy. However, this second quantitative easing is not free of associated risks. Federal Reserve, treasury assistance and liquidity have been utilise by banks to maximise returns and disburse on high wages and bonuses. Capital lending has increased asset costs but decreased the production and employm ent. splashiness in asset costs has placed the FIRE sector (finance, insurance and satisfying estate) beyond the true economic status of the country (Hudson 2010). Anchored in the hurt assumption that the QE policy of granting liquidity will be an opening for the banks to profit from loans, thus freeing them from debts, Bernanke failed to consider that almost 80 percent of US bank lendings are mortgage loans and that around 30 percent of the US real estate is experiencing economic inequities due to asset prices that have failed to keep up with mortgage liabilities. The collateral loaned for these mortgages do not cover the principal cost and property titles seem to lose protection as the real estate sector is sometimes managed in fraud (Hudson 2010). US Treasury Secretary Geithner (2010) explains that reviving the credit flow would only create more debts. The credit flow would allow real estate buyers and stock market financiers to employ further control over debts to propose ass et costs back up to save the banking system against the antecedently negative equity it has befallen. Geithner describes it as steadying the failing banking system. The Fed hypothesises that for the country to regain its high economic status, the national banking system would loan out the almost-free countless liquidity at a markup. Such recuperation would be generating more debts. Bankers, businesses and homeowners would be liberated from their negative equities and the corporate sector and housing market would liable(predicate) boost again. However, since 2007, the banks have implemented high restriction standards in loaning out to businesses, homeowners and consumers. The increased rate from zero to 3% has been crippling these debtors with liabilities in their credit cards, mortgage and bank loans (Hudson 2010). The US quantitative easing is diminishing the dollar value against foreign currencies with floating trade rates whilst increasing the dollar supply. The daze of the po licy on exchange rates between the US currency and the floating-rate currencies is not surprising. It is the obvious outcome of the dollar devaluation from the excess flow of dollars. Moreover, foreign investors operate to purchase other currencies not prone to volatility and inflation (Feldstein 2011). One of the objectives of Bernankes QE schema is the encouragement of domestic activity within the US and the decrease of further depreciation, however, the generated surpluses on

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Es dictateIn the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the author, Mark Twain, compares life on land to life on the river using Hucks forbidden association with Jim, the risks Huck makes, and when Huck joins Tom sawyers gang, proving that friendship has no limits. Life on land was emotional for Huck because of the obstacles and hardships he faced. Life on the river on the other hand was a challenge because of the troubles Huck had creation safe.Huck and Jims forbidden friendship proves that friendship has no limits through Huck seeing past the fact that Jim is black. On land when Huck erect Jim for the first time in the woods, he says ..it was Miss Watsons Jim I bet I was glad to see him. This shows Huck enjoys Jims company, White or black, he regards Jim as a type of friend. Friendship has no limits and will see past each others differences.The risks that Huck made for friendship proves that friendship has no limits through Huck riskin g his friendship with Tom to save a friendship with Jim. Huck has already been through so much with Jim on land and river, and had made a promise to stay with him till the end. So Huck was willing to risk Tom for Jim. Huck had told Tom, I know what youll say. Youll say its dirty, low- down business but what if it is? Im low down and Im a-going to steal him, and I want you keep mum and not let on. Will you? Huck was being a true friend and protecting Jim, he was going to risk his old friend to save Jim. That showed how loyal Huck was to Jim and their friendship, showing that friendship actually doesnt have limits.When Huck joins Tom Sawyers gang he is proving that friendship has no limits by taking the oath Tom had made. On land while Tom forms his gang he says, Everybody that wants to join has got to take an oath, and write his name in blood. Tom takes friendship as seriously as a religion. Both Tom and Huck believe in it faithfully, its like a belief in a religion. It proves that friendship has no limits when a friendship is most important to both of them.

The Art of Grilling Essay Example for Free

The Art of Grilling Essayafter coming home from a long day of going to classes and studying there is one topic that I especially look forward to. Some people may urgency to go grab a beer or publish on the T. V and lounge around, but my vision of a perfect evening is one spent in front of a radiator grille, planning whatever it is Ive chosen for dinner. Im not sure why I like to grill so much but my guess would be beca work my dad loves to. Im from Tampa so it was never to cold to grill and a day rarely passed, rain or shine, that my dad wasnt out grilling something.I actually thought it was normal to grill everything, and I soaked everything, until I was nearly 13. Fruits, vegetables, meat, you name it, my dad grilled it. Because I enjoy grilling so much I have decided to let you whap exactly what the art of grilling is. Today Im going to discuss three topics, types of grills, types of food to grill, and to finish it off, some basic grilling techniques. The definition o f grilling is working an ingredient over high disturb, on a metal grill. On the grill food is cooked quickly because of the heat coming from a gas, electric, charcoal, or woodwind instrument heat source. The first centering to grill I will discuss is by using the wood grill. Wood grills are the oldest and most primitive way of cooking. Today wood grills are obviously more advanced than the one employ by people hundreds of years ago, but the heat source is stillness the same, burning wood. Although charcoal and gas grills are more commonly used these days, wood grills are still thought of as a owing(p) heat source because it perfumes the grilled item with a smoky flavor. Experienced wood grillers advice is to make sure to let the wood burn down in to embers sooner cooking, because grilling on an open flame will easily burn the food. According to the Culinary Education Center website, The best kind of wood to use when using a wood grill is hardwoods, such as fruit wood, hickory, or mesquite. The next types of grill I will be talking about are electric and gas grills. These two are usually grouped together because they are the easiest to use. Lighting them is as simple as pushing a button or flipping a switch.Also, unlike wood and charcoal grills, these grills keep a steady heat across the grilling surface. In the past, gas grills were ever so used more because of the electric grills in king to reach a high heat. Within the inhabit couple years electric grills popularity has risen because of their new ability to reach and sustain a high heat and because they are considered safer in a home environment. These two types of grills are definitely the quickest way to cook dinner. The last type of grill I want to tell you about is the charcoal grill.Charcoal grills used to be the most common grill used in family homes, but as the electric and gas grills became more popular charcoal grills are now mostly used on camping trips or picnics. In addition to the oth er grills being safer, there is also a infliction in lighting charcoal grills. According to an bind on the website of cultivation the Art of Grilling at Home, charcoal grilling is cheaper but more troublesome to light and keep at a steady temperature. It takes 30- 45 proceeding after lighting the charcoal until you stop actually cook on it.Personally, charcoal grilling is my favorite because in my opinion it makes the food taste better. Unfortunately, because of the hassle that goes along with a charcoal grill, they are now a dying trend. Now that we have the three types of grills out of the way lets move on to what you can actually cook on them. The best types of foods to cook on a grill are red meat, poul smack, vegetables, fish, and fruit. When choosing a red meat to grill you should try to get the most tender cut of meat, such as a filet or strip because on a grill there isnt nice time for the meat to tenderize by themselves.Another type of food to cook on the grill is chi cken. Chicken is the most grilled items in households across the US. When cooking chicken, leaving the skin on will prevent the chicken from drying out and will also taste great when its finished. If you are cooking a skinless chicken breast you will need to be more careful because it is very easy to overcook them and dry the piece out. The same goes for fish. Fish tastes great on the grill but overcooking it will cause it to be dry and not taste very good.Vegetables such as squash, mushrooms, and peppers are also great. After a dip in oil, and some salt and pepper you will be amazed at how good they taste right off the grill. The last food that I will suggest cooking may rage you. Fruits such as apples and pears are great after being thrown on the grill. All they need is just a little warm-up on the grill and it will completely enhance the flavors of the fruit. The taste will really surprise you. Ok, the last thing Im going tell you about today are some basic grilling techniques.F irst, you want to turn the grill on and turn the temperature to high, make sure the grill is hot. The Culinary Education Center says if the grill is not hot, it will be hard to develop the caramelized, smoky flavors of a mighty grilled meat. Also, if the grill isnt hot the food youre cooking will stick to the grilling surface. After making sure the grill is hot you will want to clean off the grill surface with a wire brush. This cleans off any old pieces of food left on the grill.Finally you can now toss the food of your choice on. Barbeque N on the Internet says the goal of perfect grilling is to give the item delicious, brown grill attach on both sides, while making sure the item comes off the grill at jus the right amount of doneness. Today I hope I taught you a little bit about grilling that you didnt know before. I also hope you can now understand my weird obsession with grilling. An article I read in The Sun Valley Guide for Grilling said it best, food cooked over a fire, simply tastes better.

Free

Free Will vs. Determinism EssaySociety walks about day-by-day living their lives and never truly recollecting or breaking waste how their day unfolds or why it plays out the panache it does. Some people earn said that individuals bring in a natural selection and atomic number 18 able to decide on where their day goes. Others on the other hand would argue this assessment and state that your day and your life as whole are all pre determined. The different is free result vs. determinism. Do you study we live in a free will humanity or has everything been planed out and is determined to go past no matter what?To start out on finding an answer to this question we must first break down the two terms and a bit about their background and what they mean to us as an individual walking around day-to-day living our lives. We will start off with the more depressing of the two, and that being determinism. Determinism is the philosophical view that everything in a persons life incl uding behavior, human conditioning, and previous dismantlets pick out already been planned out and will happen that way no matter what we do. Mostly this means that our lives essentially our out of our control.Imagine if you will the conception unfolding from a state of very small matter and as it unfolds and expands and life is form it just continues to grow and build. Life goes on and society plant life the way it is built. Then over billions of years the universe contracts and everything is essentially erased or reversed. After it completes this cycle it starts it all over again recreating the events that it just created previously. Some believe that this is what is happening in our world and with our universe now.Some to a fault believe that this is infinite and will happen for eternity, stating that everything has already happened before and will continue to happen over and over again in the course of existence. Now you may be thinking, I take up a choice on what I do well non according to this theory or any of the other ones in determinism. This supposition is what some would put in the category of materialism. Materialism states that the scarcely thing that truly exists is matter in a physical state, that all things are composed of material and all phenomena are the result of material interactions. (Ott)SO with this theory at that place is a bunch of ca do and effect included. One physical thing must happen in order for the other to happen, even in your purpose process. Yes, thats right even in your brain. This states that your designs are all physical and chemical things happening (hormones cause emotions) to create your thoughts and what you do. Are you a robot? Next we have behaviorism. Many people have studied this idea but Skinner is probably the best known for his research on the topic.Behaviorism falls in the category of human conditioning. It also states that we are pleasure seeking animals and that we are determined to search and fi nd the things that give us that pleasure. This falls in the determinism section because we have no choice with this essentially. We will only go after the things that make us feel good, all the way down to even helping a homeless person with some spare change. We do this because it makes us as an individual feel good that we helped somebody else in need out.Also a lot of this has to do with when you do a good deed you are rewarded by society, given a niminy-piminy pat on the back and encourages you to do that more often leading you in the direction you are going. Last but not least there is Psychoanalysis, or know to some as the Freudian psychology. Sigmund Freud is highly attached to this type of determinism and accession to life. Freud believed that we as an individual have an unconscious state of estimate and a conscience. Think of it as an ice burg in the ocean. Above the water you have the tip of the iceberg, or the conscience state of mind.It is there it is aware it is una mbiguous and clear. Then below the water you have a massive part of the iceberg that is not visible. We cannot see it and it is hidden, in fact we choose not to look it from fear of what it may do to us. The part below the water could be looked at as your unconscious state of mind. Freud believed that your unconscious state was leading and channelize you to do things you do with out you even realizing it. These things were memories and thoughts that you have repressed mainly as a child or due to any traumatic experience.Freud would use psychology as a method of trying to bring these unconscious states to the surface so that a person could identify what they were doing and why it is that they were predetermined to do so. Sigmund Freud also came to the conclusion that each person holds with in them three states. These three states would be super ego, ego, and id. Ego would be our self-aware state of mind that you are conscience of. Super ego would be your moral value, and your id (t ranslating to it) would be the sexually aggressive part of you.He felt that this id was what really guided you to do the things you do. It is near as if youre super ego and your id battle each other everyday trying to tell you what to do and when to do it. Freud was an evolutionary thinker and soothe to this day has many followers in his system. To go in the opposite direction we have free will. Free will is the approach to life that we have choices and decisions, and we make them every day to determine what it is that we do with our day and even with our life. Out of the two this is the less depressing approach.I personally like this approach and thought on how we live better. Free will contradicts determinism and goes the opposite direction in its logic and explanation. The followers of free will did not believe in determinism for many reason but the biggest and most important is that they believe that determinism erases state for our actions. This is called indeterminism, mean ing a philosophical position that maintains that any form of determinism is incorrect because it is in conclusion metaphysical(White)So, lets look at some of the ideas and structure of free will and some of the people who had and still do have a huge find out on the approach to how we live our lives. Aristotle was a huge part of free will he was a Greek philosopher and a student of Plato. Also is thought that he was a teacher to Alexander The Great. Aristotle was known as a common sense philosopher, believing that most of what we do is by our choices. He also believed this choices were voluntary and involuntary as well.He also believed that the lives of individual human beings are invariably linked together in a social condition(White) Next we have William James an American psychologist and philosopher best known for his views on free will and philosophy as well as pragmatism. Pragmatism is the view that what ever works, works because it is true. Basically validity of an idea li es within its practical consequences. This gives an individual free will by letting them think and make choices in an analytical sense.Coming up with an idea or approach to a situation but and so exposeing another route that is just as gratifying or likely to be taken in the situation. If a person looks at a situation and how they will approach it and the outcome seems bad in comparison to goo then they have the choice not to go down that route giving us free will. Determinism would state that you have no choice and that you will go the route you were meant to go along. I dont know about you but I like thinking that I have choice over if I want to go a painful route or an enjoyable route. Jean-Paul Sarte was a French existentialist and philosopher.He was famed on believing that existence precedes essences, meaning that everyday life come before the core part of what we (human) are made up of. He also stated that we are all condemned to be free. This meaning that we are held respon sible for our own actions. There is no getting out of anything that we have chosen to do, this statement hold opposite form determinism in every way. The idea is that we are allowed to make choices but if we make the wrong choice then we must take responsibility for these choices and actions since we made them, and that life is not pre determined causing me to make them.Some individuals may choose to not take responsibility for their actions by just choosing not to make a decision all together. This is what is called living in bad faith. Living in bad faith is the idea that an individual chooses to not take an action or choices in certain situations. This is still part of free will because you are consciously making that choice and decision to do well nothing. Last but not least Sartre stated, In order to make myself recognized by the Other, I must adventure my own life.To risk ones life, in fact, is to reveal oneself as not-bound to the objective form or to any determined existenc eas not-bound to life Both determinism and free will have their strong arguments but I guess when you really think about it that is what philosophy altogether is really about, logical arguments. It is interesting how each can present to an individual things that we have all lived or experienced in our everyday lives. When I personally break it all down to decide what I think makes more sense I cant some to a conclusion on what I think is truly going on.Maybe I am living in bad faith and maybe that is my belief in free will, because I am able and willing to try to make a decision on which means more to me. But if determinism has its way with me then I am doomed in a sense and have no control over what one I will end up siding with. My money says that I continue to debate the two for the rest of my life. further for my mentality sake I for the time being will side with free will. The idea of free will gives most people and me in this world faith in something, faith in the idea that t hey have control over their lives and can make decisions and reach things that may seem impossible.Determinism has its cool points curiously when including and involving science, in fact the logic and physical evidence that follows with determinism can be quite convincing at times, but is just to depressing of a thought at the moment. Speaking for most of the world, I am sure that me and anyone else wants to think and feel that our lives are unplanned and that what we do in them will matter not to the world but more importantly to ourselves. Free will takes my vote and I am declaring it as the winner that is until determinism takes that from me.

The Timeless Theme Of Luther John Osborne

The Timeless Theme Of Luther John OsborneJohn Osbornes Luther, which debuted in London in 1961, is a drama with a historical setting and a timeless theme. As Osborne told an interviewer in 1961 (as quoted in Alan Carters John Osborne), I wanted to write a play almost ghostlike experience and various other things, and this happened to be thealmost incidental. The play focuses on Martin Luther, the sixteenth-century monk who publicly spoke out once morest age-old pr doingices and beliefs of the Ro bit Catholic Church, thence beginning the Protestant Reformation. Osborne, however, focuses on Martin Luthers intensely in-person reaction to his religion, his opinion, and his immortal the transformations he wrought in Europe exist more than as an divagation in this drama. As he did in earlier works, such(prenominal) as his groundbreaking Look Back in indignation, Osborne profiles an individual in conflict with authority, which in Martin Luthers case is the vast authority of the Rom an Catholic Church. In posting his 95 theses, Luther risked inevitable excommunication and brought the wrath of the highest perform leaders, including Pope Leo X, upon him. He did this despite his uncertainty active what would come next, for, as he tells Cajetan at the Diet of Worms (a city in Germany) virtually the Roman Catholic Church, A shrivel up arm is best amputated, an infected place is best scoured out, and so you pray for healthy tissue and something sturdy and clean that was crumbling and full of filth. Osborne dramatically depicts how Martin Luther followed his convictions in the face of great doubts, and so transformed Christianity forever.Plot overview symbolize 1Luther is set in Germany during the 1500s and follows several important events in the life of Martin Luther, the religious reformer, instigator of the Protestant Reformation, and founder of the Lutheran cartel. Act 1 opens at the convent of the Augustinian Order of Eremites in Erfurt, Germany, in 1506. I n the presence of the other members of the convent and his disapproving father, Luther is received into the order. after(prenominal) the oath has been sworn, Luthers father, Hans, complains of his sons choice. Later, after his father has left, the monks gather for their meal Luther has the job of waiting on the others. A reader lectures the hands on their duties to God, doing His good works, and the rules they must follow. The men then make their confessions, but while most ofthe monks confess to trifling sins, Luther continually castigates himself harshly, calling himself a worm, and sharing visions that are filled with images of sex and violence. At the end, Luther has a fit and has to be dragged away by two other monks. Scene 2 takes place one year later as Luther is about to perform his first of all mass. Beforehand, he talks with Brother Weinand about his doubts, revealing that he still feels envy and impatience, and that he intrusts that God hates him. Weinand says it is n ot God who is sore with Luther but Luther who is provoked with Him.Scene 3 focuses on the meeting between Luther and his father, Hans, following Luthers mass. Hans still cannot understand why Luther would give up earthly pleasures such as fortune and family life to become a monk. Hans suggests that Luther only became a monk through fear, the result of a promise made during a thunderstorm.Act 2Act 2 opens at the marketplace in Jterbog in 1517, where John Tetzel is selling indulgences. Scene 1 is Tetzels monologue exhorting people to steal the indulgences and ensure their swift assent to heaven. Scene 2 shifts to the Eremite Cloister in Wittenberg, where Luther talks with his mentor, Johann Von Staupitz. Through the conversation, Luthers scholarly success (he has earned a doctorate in theology) is revealed, as are his continuing doubts and discontent. Luther has become obsessedwith the rules of his order, according to Von Staupitz, because it protects him from admitting that he can not submit to anyones authority but his own. Stauptiz points out that Luther demands from himself an impossible standard of perfection andnotes that he has been unable to keep all his vows but that God should still grant him salvation because of his love of Christ. Von Staupitz similarly talks about the Dukes annoyance with Luthers sermons against indulgences. Scene 3 shows Luther arriving with his 95 theses at the Castle Church in Wittenberg. In a monologue, he gives a sermon to the crowds, telling the common people there is no security in the purchase of indulgences and repudiating the idea that doing good works leads to personal salvation. The works are just if the man is just, he says. If a man doesnt intrust in Christ, not only are his sins mortal, but his good works.Scene 4 takes place at the Fugger Palace in Augsburg in October 1518 as Cajetan, a perform leader, confronts Luther about his actions. Cajetan explains to Luther the popes three demands he must spring his sermo ns, not spread his ideas in the future, and stop causing disturbances among the church. Despite Cajetan telling Luther that his actions threaten the sensation of Christendom, Luther will not take a hop. Cajetan has no choice but to refer thisdifficult matter to the pope. Scene 5 takes place in a hunting fit in northern Italy in 1519. Pope Leo X reads a letter he has received from Luther in which Luther says he will not close in his theses. The pope sends a letter to Cajetan that excommunicates Luther and banishes him from Germany. Scene 6 takes place at the Elster Gate in Wittenberg in 1520. In this brief monologue, Luther reveals that he has been served excommunication papers. He burns this paper, called the papal bull.Act 3Act 3 opens on April 18, 1521, at the Diet of Worms, where Germanys Christian princes have called Luther to ask if he will pull the beliefs he espouses in his books dissenting with church doctrine. Luther explains that his makeups fall into three categorie s the first deal with certain values of faith and morality that both his supporters and his enemies tick are harmless the second group attack the fountain that has tyrannized Germany the third criticizes the enemies of his religion, even if they are holy individuals, and defends the teaching of Christ. Luther declares that he cannot retract any of these works, for to retract the first group would be to condemn the things that those in favor and those against Luther agree upon to retract the second group would be to invite more tyranny on Germany to retract the third group would be to allow such situations to continue. Luther asks if anyone can expose his errors through Scripture if this can be done, he will retract his books. Von Eck refuses his proposal. Do reasons have to be given to anyone who cares to ask a question? he asks. Why, if anyone who questioned the common understanding of the church on any matter he liked to raise, and had to be answered irrefutably from the Scriptu res, there would be nothing certain or decided in Christendom. Von Eck further points out that Luthers disobedience threatens the stability of the church by casting doubt upon it, yet Luther refuses to recant. Scene 2 takes place in Wittenberg in 1525. Luther and the Knight speak of the Peasants Movement, a revolt which had begun the previous year and which was apace suppressed. The peasantshad been encouraged by Luthers ideas of independence, but the Knights speech reveals that Luther opposed the peasants. The Knight tells Luther that he could have brought freedom and order if he had s as well asd on their side, but Luther explains his lack of social function because Theres no such thing as an orderly revolution. The Knight accuses Luther of siding with the princes and killing the spirit of independence he had helped foster. Luther, growing angry, says that the peasants deserved to die becausethey ignored authority. At end of the scene, with the Knight watching, Luther marries fo rmer nun Katherine Von Bora. Scene 3, the final scene of the play, returns to the Eremite Cloister, twenty-four years after Luther joined the order. It is no longer a monastery but Luthers home, where he lives with his wife and sixchildren. Von Staupitz joins them for a meal, and the two men discuss all that has happened since Luther posted his theses the development of Germany and the German language, and the accessibility of Christianity to the common people. after(prenominal) hearing Luthers repudiation of the Peasants War, Von Staupitz asks Luther not to believe that he is the only one who is ever right. Von Staupitz departs, and Katherine enters the room, carrying their young son, Hans, and Luther takes him from her.THEMESThemesLoss of FaithMartin Luthers religious crisis-and the resulting Protestant Reformation-stemmed from his loss of faith in the teachings and practices of the church. Osborne does not analyze the social, political, and economic causes of the religious refor mation that swept Europe in the 1500s instead, he focuses on Luthers personal struggle. Luther takes action, posting the 95 theses, that makes him the first protestant, but even originally this, his doubt is evident. The man who joins the monastery is prone to despair, histrionics, and self-castigation. His anxiety arises from his uncertainty about the vows that he upholds. Eventually, Luthers doubts about Roman Catholic doctrine, as tumefy as his disgust for the moral laxity of church leaders, lead him to reject both. Yet, even when doing so, Luther is not certain of his actions. As he reveals to Von Staupitz decades later, he waited a mean solar day to answer the questions posed at the Diet of Worms because he was not sure I listened for Gods voice, but all I could hear was my own. It is important to remember, however, that Luthers rejection of the church does not equate with a rejection of God. When called to the Diet of Worms to recant his beliefs, Luther refuses to do so bec ause his conscience is captured by Gods own word. Upon receiving the papal bull excommunicating him, Luther asks God for help. I rely on no man, only on you, he says. My God, my God do you hear me? Are you dead? Are you dead? No, you cant die. You can only blot out yourself, cant you? Luthers doubts in Gods ability to help him in his isolation are clearly evokeed here as are his belief in Gods unremitting presence. By the end of the play, which takes place toward the end of Luthers life, Luther demonstrates far less doubt about his relationship with God. In sharing the story of Isaac and Abraham, he emphasizes mans obedience to God. In a conversation with Von Staupitz regarding the surfacelion of the Peasants War, he declares, for there is no power but of God the powers that be are ordained of God. Whosoever therefore resistant that power resistant the ordinance of God. In these words, Luther implies more certainty than in previous years, for if he had actually showed the obedi ence that he exalts, he never would have rebelled against the church and its practices and leaders.Father-Son RelationshipsMartin Luthers relationships with the various father figures in his life each present their own set of complexities. His attitude toward these ties is best summed up by his words in act 1 I suppose fathers and sons always disappoint each other. His father, Hans, is a driving force in his life. The play suggests that one reason that Luther became a monk was to get away from his fathers domination. Hans wanted his son to become a lawyer or a magistrate, anything but a priest, a profession that takes him away fromthe hooey world. Hans believes that his son chose to become a monk because he has given up and needs to run away from life. Luther, however, tells his father, All you want is me to justify you, clearly covering that he feels like a pawn for his father, one with the purpose of fulfilling the older mans expectations. This relationship remains difficult thro ughout Luthers life as he reveals to Von Staupitz in the final scene, He Hans was never pleased about anything I did. . . . Only when Katie and I were married and she got pregnant. Then he was pleased. This revelation suggests that Hans is also concerned with the lengthiness of his family line, which can only be carried on by Luther since his other two sons died in the plague. Luthers relationship with his spiritual Father is as difficult if not more so. At various points throughout the play, Luther entreats God for guidance and casts himself as a helpless child. After his excommunication, Luther sees himself as a lost child, a stillbirth, and pleads with God to Breathe into me . . . yes, my correctly fortress, breathe into me. Give me life, oh Lord. Give me life. In this instance, God takes on the role of the father, creating the son. At other times, Luther rebels against God, much as he rebels against his earthly father. To this Luther, God is an angry being, one who demanded m y love and made it impossible to return it. Another father figure exists for Luther Von Staupitz. Like a father, the older theologian tries to set Luther on an easier passage than the one he consistently seeks for himself. By the plays final scene, Luther openly refers to Von Staupitz as Father and asks questions that children are likely to ask of their parents, such as Are you pleased with me? The play ends on yet another(prenominal) representation of the father-son relationship Luther is holding his youngson, appropriately named Hans.Resistance to AuthorityAs Luther resists the authority of his father, he also resists the authority of the church but with far greater consequences. The church leaders, parroting the beliefs of the pope-the highest religious authority expect complete allegiance Luther must not question church doctrine. I ask you says Von Eck at the Diet of Worms, dont throw doubt on the most holy, orthodox faith . . . This faith has been defined by sacred councils, a nd confirm by the church. It is your heritage, and we are forbidden to dispute it by the laws of the emperor and the pontiff. While in earlier scenes, Luther has been seen adhering too strictly to the rules of his order, as Von Staupitz points out, in the words of Herbert Goldstone committal to writing in Coping with Vulnerability, Luther actually ridicules authority to set himself up as the only authority capable of determining his relationship to God. In doing so, Luther challenges the church power structure that forces regular people to deal with God through the mediation of a priest in the case of a priest, the pope and other high church officials are the mediators. In his letter to Pope Leo X, Luther shows his own sentiency of self-importance when it comes to religious matters. Luther alone dares protest the complaints that the German people hold about the avarice of the priests. While everyone else is too filled with terror at the popes reaction, Luther strives to protect th e glory of Christianity by publishing his 95 theses on the Castle Church in Wittenberg. And now, most holy father, the whole world has gone up in flames, he writes, but, a mere few lines later, Luther asks the pope for his help because Luther is far too insignificant to appear before the world in a matter as great as this. Luthers words are seemingly disingenuous, especially so for a man of his superior intellect and sensitivity, as he has recently elected him as the one person to stand up and defend God and His purity. Luther grows more conservative in his views, particularly by 1525, when he critiques the failed Peasants War, which his religious rebellion helped spark. However, he still flouts the authority of the clergy by marrying, notably, a former nun. He also nostalgically looks back on his former actions, telling his young son, You should have seen me at Worms. . . . I have come to set a man against his father, I said, and they listened to me.STYLEepos TheaterMost critics ag reed that Luther aimed at being epic drama along the lines of the work of German playwright Bertolt Brecht. Epic theater is a form of drama that presents a series of loosely connected scenes. Often, a narrator figure will address the audience with analysis or argument. As practiced byBrecht, epic theater sought to use alienating effects to cause the audience to think objectively, not emotionally, about the play and its characters. In technique, Luther shows a strong Brechtian influence,notably, that of his play The Life of Galileo. Like Brechts drama, Luther is a series of short scenes, most of which could function as stand-alone units. The pose decorations, which Osborne clearly describes, are evocative and imbued with symbolism and iconography. A choral figure, in this case the Knight, announces the time and setting of each scene and narrates background details particularly concerning Luthers role in the Peasants War. Osborne, like Brecht, also wanted to portray contemporary soc ial problems and realities on stage in Luther, the title character is the Angry offspring Man of 1960s British society, a young man who feels rage at the established sociopolitical system in which he lives. While many critics saw Luther as epic theater, scholar Simon Trussler staunchly disagreed withthis assessment. In his Plays of John Osborne, applying Brechts criteria that epic theater collections less to the feelings than to the spectators reason, he contended that the play is dramatic rather than epic, for Luthers primary appeal is indeed emotional rather than rational.SymbolismPerhaps the most notable symbolism that Osborne uses in Luther is Luthers poor physical health. He suffers from seizures, insomnia, boils, and chronic constipation. His pains express his mental battles, and his inability to purge himself bodily represents his difficulty breaking free from the churchs beliefs. Luther himself views his religious upheavals in terms of the physical body. For example, in h is discussion with Von Staupitz, just before he posts his 95 theses, Luther likens himself to a ripe stool in the worlds straining anus, and at any moment were about to let each other go. When he finally formulates his own doctrine (that salvation is based only on faith in God and not on good works), it is while experiencing another bout of constipation with the realization that The just shall live by faith, Luther recalls, My pain vanished, my bowels flushed and I could get up. On another level, however, as Alan Carter pointed out in John Osborne, To show Martins constipation, his indigestion, his excessive perspiration, is to show him as an ordinary human being. A man who would appeal to the earthy German peasantry, and who would be able to fire up them to action. He is a direct contrast to the effeminate, sophisticated Latin churchmen of the period. This common folk appeal is important for, as the Knight points out, Luther helped the people begin to believe in an image as Christ as a man as we are . . . that His supper is a plain meal like their own . . . a plain meal with no garnish and no word.NarrativeLuther does not have a strong narrative drive in the traditional sense encompassing several decades, it does not tell the complete story behind Luthers protest. Alan Carter wrote in John Osborne that because Osborne is weakest as a story-teller, he makes the play resemble a medieval historical pageant, full of vivid theatrical moments. The play in its entirety shows explicit change in Luthers development of a more personal relationship with God and implicit change in the references to the transformation his beliefs have brought to Germany. The narrative drive focuses more on Luthers interior battles with his own lack of faith than exterior battles with church leaders.CRITICAL OVERVIEWCritical overviewLuther was Osbornes second consecutive historical play, and English audiences who had, for the most part, failed to respond to the first (A Subject of Scandal and Concern) were very comic to see how it would fare. For the most part, it was declared a success by the public and the critics alike, creating as much of an impact as Look Back in Anger had. Kenneth Tynan, writing for The Observer (quoted in Alan Carters John Osborne), described the play as the most eloquent piece of dramatic writingto have dignified out menage since Look Back in Anger. While some reviewers contended that the play was not historical enough, other critics welcomed Osbornes more universal portrayal of Luther as a rebel to whom audiences of any period could relate. Carter, as well, wrote in his study John Osborne that while Luther had a historical setting, its theme was quite modern. In 1963, Luther went on to a take reception in the United States, where it was widely hailed and appreciated for its universal themes. It won several awards, including a Tony for best play of the 1963-64 season. Luther also solidified Osbornes international reputation. Since its deb ut, and as Osbornes stature continued to rise, many scholars have examined Luther with regard to how it fit in with themes and characters in the playwrights body of work. Herbert Goldstone wrote in Coping with Vulnerability that Luther presents still another version on success failure as seen in one of Osbornes earlier plays, The Entertainer. He also compares Luther to Jimmy Porter, the hero of Osbornes pivotal Look Back in Anger, in both characters need to be different from others. However, Goldstone also pointed out that, unlike Osbornes earlier characters, Luther attempts to cope with his feeling of helplessness and despair in realizing himself . . . openly and forcefully, both privately and publicly. Katharine J. Worth wrote in her 1963 article The Angry Young Man that Luther was also the first of Osbornes heroes to be shown in conflict with his intellectual equals. She prospect that the play marks a new phase in Osbornes dramatic art. Its increased range and flexibility sugge st interesting possibilities for his future development. In 2001, Luther was re-produced on the London stage even forty years later, Osbornes words were stirring and powerful. This is a big, angry, eloquent play, wrote John Peter in the Times (London). Seeing it again after so long, what impresses me is how deeply Osborne had immersed himself in his subject without making his play ponderous. Like their predecessors, several critics also noted the timelessness of the piece, which showed that Osborne was, in the words of Michael Billington writing in the Guardian, far more than a chronicler of contemporary anger.